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Medication for Respiratory tract infections

Therapy addressing specific symptoms is the mainstay for most upper respiratory infections (URIs). Most URIs are self-limited viral infections that resolve without prescription drugs.
Recognizing viral and bacterial diseases for which specific therapy is available is important. Awareness of local trends in prevalent organisms and local resistance patterns is key. Antibacterial therapy is appropriate for patients with any of the following:
  • Group A streptococcal pharyngitis
  • Bacterial sinusitis
  • Epiglottitis
  • Pertussis
  • Diphtheria
Antibiotics used in group A streptococcal infection are as follows:
  • Penicillin VK (Penicillin V)
  • Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox)
  • Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA, Permapen)
  • Cefadroxil (Duricef)
  • Erythromycin (E.E.S., Erythrocin, E-Mycin, Eryc)
  • Amoxicillin and clavulanate (Augmentin, Augmentin XR)
  • Cefaclor (Ceclor)
  • Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
  • Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
  • Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Antibiotics used in epiglottitis are as follows:
  • Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
  • Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
  • Cefotaxime (Claforan)
Antibiotics used in pertussis are as follows:
  • Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
  • Erythromycin (E-Mycin, Erythrocin, Eryc, Ery-Tab, E.E.S.)
  • Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Antibiotics used in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are as follows:
  • Amoxicillin/clavulanate
  • Doxycycline
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned that azithromycin may lead to QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes. The FDA notes that "health care professionals should consider the risk of fatal heart rhythms with azithromycin when considering treatment options for patients who are already at risk for cardiovascular events." These include patients with known QT interval prolongation, torsades de pointes, congenital long QT syndrome, bradyarrhythmias, or uncompensated heart failure.

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