Diseases Caused By Microorganisms

Therapy addressing specific symptoms is the mainstay for most upper respiratory infections (URIs). Most URIs are self-limited viral infections that resolve without prescription drugs. Recognizing viral and bacterial diseases for which specific therapy is available is important. Awareness of local trends in prevalent organisms and local resistance patterns is key. Antibacterial therapy is appropriate for patients with any of the following: Group A streptococcal pharyngitis Bacterial sinusitis Epiglottitis Pertussis Diphtheria Antibiotics used in group A streptococcal infection are as follows: Penicillin VK (Penicillin V) Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox) Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA, Permapen) Cefadroxil (Duricef) Erythromycin (E.E.S., Erythrocin, E-Mycin, Eryc) Amoxicillin and clavulanate (Augmentin, Augmentin XR) Cefaclor (Ceclor) Cefuroxime (Ceftin) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Azithromycin (Zithromax) Antibiotics used i...

Generic Name Brand Name ciprofloxacin Cipro fosfomycin Monurol levofloxacin Levaquin nitrofurantoin Furadantin, Macrobid, Macrodantin sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim Bactrim, Septra How It Works These medicines kill the bacteria that commonly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Why It Is Used Antibiotics treat a UTI. And they prevent complications of infection such as kidney damage. Antibiotics also prevent UTIs. The doctor might prescribe preventive antibiotic therapy for: Women who have recurrent UTIs (at least two UTIs in 6 months or three UTIs in 1 year). Pregnant women who had recurrent UTIs before getting pregnantor during pregnancy. People who have spinal cord injuries or other nervous systemconditions that affect urination. People who have had a kidney transplant. People who are going to have surgery involving the urinary tract. How Well It Works Antibioti...

What is good for diarrhea? Home treatment can help you treat your diarrhea and avoid other related problems, such as dehydration. Take frequent, small sips of water or a rehydration drink and small bites of salty crackers. ... Begin eating mild foods the next day or sooner, depending on how you feel. What antibiotic is used to treat diarrhea? E coli: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) should be administered if moderate or severe diarrhea is noted; antibiotic treatment may increase likelihood of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).  Parenteral  second-generation or third-generation  cephalosporin  is indicated for systemic complications. What types of OTC medicines treat diarrhea? Over-the-counter medicines are medicines you can buy without a  prescription  from your doctor. Some OTC medicines can help you feel better if you have diarrhea. These are called antidiarrheal medicines. Antidiarrheal medicines include loperamide (1 bra...

Diarrhea refers to the passage of loose or watery stools or an increased frequency of stools for the child and occurs at some point in the life of nearly every child. Diarrhea is not a disease but is a symptom of a number of illnesses.  Although diarrhea is common and rarely serious, it is important to understand when to seek help.  Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which alters the child's natural balance of water, and to electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride) imbalance.  It can be serious if not treated promptly. DIARRHEA CAUSES The most common cause of acute diarrhea is a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infections, side effects of antibiotics, and infections not related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. In addition, there are many less common causes of diarrhea. Viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections are all contagious, and  parents/caretakers  can assist in preventing spread of the infection. Children are considered contag...

Microbial foodborne illness, or food poisoning, occurs commonly throughout the world.  resulting in approximately 3000 deaths per year. Close to one in five episodes of diarrhea is likely to be due to a foodborne disease. Fortunately, most people recover from an episode of foodborne illness without any need to consult with a healthcare provider or without any long-term complications. This topic review discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of foodborne illness, along with ways to avoid it. Microorganisms that cause food poisoning  —  Some of the most common microorganisms that cause food poisoning include the following: Salmonella  —  Salmonella  is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States with an estimated one million cases of salmonellosis each year. There are many types of  Salmonella , including those that cause typhoid fever and those that cause gastroenteritis. In the United States, the type th...

Cellulitis Cellulitis is a painful, erythematous infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues that is characterized by warmth, edema, and advancing borders. Cellulitis commonly occurs near breaks in the skin, such as surgical wounds, trauma, tinea infections.  healthy adults, isolation of an etiologic agent is difficult and unrewarding. If the patient has diabetes, an immunocompromising disease, or persistent inflammation, blood cultures or aspiration (some physicians inject sterile nonpreserved saline before aspiration) of the area of maximal inflammation may be useful. For infection in patients without diabetes, empiric treatment with a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, first-generation cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin), macrolide, or fluoroquinolone (adults only) is appropriate. A parenteral second- or third-generation cephalosporin (with or without an aminoglycoside) should be considered in patients who have diabetes, immu...